Article 39 of Indian Constitution: Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
Article 39 of Indian Constitution: Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing—
(a) that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood; (b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good;
(c) that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment;
(d) that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women;
(e) that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength;
(f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.
Article 39A of Indian Constitution – Equal justice and free legal aid
The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.
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🏛️ Directive Principles of State Policy
📜 Article 39 – Social & Economic Justice
| 📌 Objective | 💡 Explanation |
|---|---|
| 1. Livelihood for All (Clause a) | 👨👩👧👦💼Ensure men and women have equal right to livelihood. |
| 2. Fair Resource Distribution (Clause b) | 🌍⚖️ Community resources should be used for the common good. |
| 3. Prevent Wealth Monopoly (Clause c) | 💰🚫 Avoid concentration of wealth and production in a few hands. |
| 4. Equal Pay for Equal Work (Clause d) | ⚖️👩🔧👨🔧Both men and women must receive equal wages for equal work. |
| 5. No Exploitation of Workers/Children (Clause e) | 🧒🚫🛠️Protect workers’ health and prevent child labor or work beyond one’s capacity. |
| 6. Protection of Childhood (Clause f) | 🧒🕊️💖Provide freedom, dignity, and protection to children and youth. |
⚖️ Article 39A – Equal Justice and Legal Aid
| 📌 Provision | 💡 Explanation |
|---|---|
| Justice for All | ⚖️🌐 Legal system must ensure justice based on equal opportunity. |
| Free Legal Aid | 🆓📑👨⚖️ No citizen should be denied justice due to poverty or disability. |
🎯 Summary (In One Line):
“The Constitution directs the State to build a fair, just, and humane society — where livelihood, justice, and dignity are rights, not privileges.”