๐ฎ๐ณ Supreme Law of India
The Constitution of India
The supreme law of India, laying down the framework for political principles, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions, as well as fundamental rights and duties of citizens.
๐ Foundational Document
Constitution of India
Adopted on 26 November 1949 and enforced on 26 January 1950, the Constitution is the bedrock of India’s democracy โ defining the structure of government, fundamental rights, and directive principles.
Criminal Law Reform
New Criminal Laws of India
2023 Act
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS)
Consolidates and amends provisions related to criminal offences, replacing the Indian Penal Code (IPC). Introduces reforms in punishments, exceptions, and legal definitions.
โ All Chapters of BNS โ English
โ เคธเคญเฅ เค
เคงเฅเคฏเคพเคฏ โ Hindi
2023 Act
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)
Replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), focusing on procedural laws for criminal cases including arrest, bail, and trial processes.
2023 Act
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)
Replaces the Indian Evidence Act, providing updated rules and principles for evidence admissibility in courts of law.
๐ Effective April 1, 2025
The Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) 2025
Under the National Pension System (NPS), the UPS provides a structured framework for Central Government employees โ covering enrolment, contributions, investment, benefits, partial withdrawals, and grievance redressal.
Other Major Laws
Acts & Legislation
1860 Act
Indian Penal Code (IPC)
The original criminal code of India, enacted in 1860. Now largely replaced by BNS 2023 but remains an important legal reference.
1955 Act
Hindu Marriage Act
Governs marriage, divorce, and related issues among Hindus, including Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs across India.
2008 Act
National Investigation Agency Act
Establishes the NIA for investigation and prosecution of offences affecting the sovereignty, security, and integrity of India.
2005 Act
Right to Information Act (RTI)
Empowers citizens to request access to records held by public authorities, promoting transparency and accountability in government.
2012 Act
POCSO Act 2012
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences โ a comprehensive law to protect children from sexual abuse and exploitation.
2002 Act
Biological Diversity Act
Provides for conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits arising from biological resources.