Art. 1 Name and territory of the Union → Art. 2 Admission or establishment of new States → Art. 3 Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States → Art. 4 Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters →

Art. 5 Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution → Art. 6 Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan → Art. 7 Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan → Art. 8 Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India → Art. 9 Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens → Art. 10 Continuance of the rights of citizenship → Art. 11 Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law →

Art. 12 Definition of the State → Art. 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights → Art. 14 Equality before law → Art. 15 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth → Art. 16 Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment → Art. 17 Abolition of Untouchability → Art. 18 Abolition of titles → Art. 19 Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. → Art. 20 Protection in respect of conviction for offences → Art. 21 Protection of life and personal liberty → Art. 22 Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases → Art. 23 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour → Art. 24 Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. → Art. 25 Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion → Art. 26 Freedom to manage religious affairs → Art. 27 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion → Art. 28 Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions → Art. 29 Protection of interests of minorities → Art. 30 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions → Art. 31 [Repealed] Compulsory acquisition of property → Art. 31B Validation of certain Acts and Regulations → Art. 31C Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles → Art. 31D [Repealed] Saving of laws in respect of anti-national activities → Art. 32 Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part → Art. 33 Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc. → Art. 34 Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area → Art. 35 Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part →

Art. 36 Definition → Art. 37 Application of the principles contained in this Part → Art. 38 State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people → Art. 39 Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State → Art. 40 Organisation of village panchayats → Art. 41 Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases → Art. 42 Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief → Art. 43 Living wage, etc., for workers → Art. 44 Uniform civil code for the citizens → Art. 45 Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years → Art. 46 Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections → Art. 47 Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health → Art. 48 Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry → Art. 49 Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance → Art. 50 Separation of judiciary from executive → Art. 51 Promotion of international peace and security →

Art. 51A Fundamental duties of every citizen of India →

Art. 52 The President of India → Art. 53 Executive power of the Union → Art. 54 Election of President → Art. 55 Manner of election of President → Art. 56 Term of office of President → Art. 57 Eligibility for re-election → Art. 58 Qualifications for election as President → Art. 59 Conditions of President’s office → Art. 60 Oath or affirmation by the President → Art. 61 Procedure for impeachment of the President → Art. 62 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy → Art. 63 The Vice-President of India → Art. 64 The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States → Art. 65 The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President → Art. 66 Election of Vice-President → Art. 67 Term of office of Vice-President → Art. 68 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy → Art. 69 Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President → Art. 70 Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies → Art. 71 Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President → Art. 72 Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases → Art. 73 Extent of executive power of the Union → Art. 74 Council of Ministers to aid and advise President → Art. 75 Other provisions as to Ministers → Art. 76 Attorney-General for India → Art. 77 Conduct of business of the Government of India → Art. 78 Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc. → Art. 79 Constitution of Parliament → Art. 80 Composition of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) → Art. 81 Composition of the House of the People (Lok Sabha) → Art. 82 Readjustment after each census → Art. 83 Duration of Houses of Parliament → Art. 84 Qualification for membership of Parliament → Art. 85 Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution → Art. 86 Right of President to address and send messages to Houses → Art. 87 Special address by the President → Art. 88 Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses → Art. 89 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States → Art. 90 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman → Art. 91 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman → Art. 92 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration → Art. 93 The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People → Art. 94 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker → Art. 95 Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker → Art. 96 The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration → Art. 97 Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker → Art. 98 Secretariat of Parliament → Art. 99 Oath or affirmation by members → Art. 100 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum → Art. 101 Vacation of seats → Art. 102 Disqualifications for membership → Art. 103 Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members → Art. 104 Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified → Art. 105 Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof → Art. 106 Salaries and allowances of members → Art. 107 Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills → Art. 108 Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases → Art. 109 Special procedure in respect of Money Bills → Art. 110 Definition of Money Bills → Art. 111 Assent to Bills → Art. 112 Annual financial statement (Union Budget) → Art. 113 Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates → Art. 114 Appropriation Bills → Art. 115 Supplementary, additional or excess grants → Art. 116 Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants → Art. 117 Special provisions as to financial Bills → Art. 118 Rules of procedure → Art. 119 Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business → Art. 120 Language to be used in Parliament → Art. 121 Restriction on discussion in Parliament → Art. 122 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament → Art. 123 Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament → Art. 124 Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court → Art. 125 Salaries, etc., of Judges → Art. 126 Appointment of acting Chief Justice → Art. 127 Appointment of ad hoc Judges → Art. 128 Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court → Art. 129 Supreme Court to be a court of record → Art. 130 Seat of Supreme Court → Art. 131 Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court → Art. 132 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases → Art. 133 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters → Art. 134 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters → Art. 135 Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court → Art. 136 Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court (SLP) → Art. 137 Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court → Art. 138 Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court → Art. 139 Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs → Art. 140 Ancillary powers of Supreme Court → Art. 141 Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts → Art. 142 Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc. → Art. 143 Power of President to consult Supreme Court (Advisory Jurisdiction) → Art. 144 Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court → Art. 145 Rules of Court, etc. → Art. 146 Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court → Art. 147 Interpretation → Art. 148 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India (CAG) → Art. 149 Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General → Art. 150 Form of accounts of the Union and of the States → Art. 151 Audit reports →

Art. 152 Definition → Art. 153 Governors of States → Art. 154 Executive power of State → Art. 155 Appointment of Governor → Art. 156 Term of office of Governor → Art. 157 Qualifications for appointment as Governor → Art. 158 Conditions of Governor’s office → Art. 159 Oath or affirmation by the Governor → Art. 160 Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies → Art. 161 Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases → Art. 162 Extent of executive power of State → Art. 163 Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor → Art. 164 Other provisions as to Ministers → Art. 165 Advocate-General for the State → Art. 166 Conduct of business of the Government of a State → Art. 167 Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc. → Art. 168 Constitution of Legislatures in States → Art. 169 Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States → Art. 170 Composition of the Legislative Assemblies → Art. 171 Composition of the Legislative Councils → Art. 172 Duration of State Legislatures → Art. 173 Qualification for membership of the State Legislature → Art. 174 Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution → Art. 175 Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses → Art. 176 Special address by the Governor → Art. 177 Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses → Art. 178 The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly → Art. 179 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker → Art. 180 Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker → Art. 181 The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration → Art. 182 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council → Art. 183 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman → Art. 184 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman → Art. 185 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration → Art. 186 Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman → Art. 187 Secretariat of State Legislature → Art. 188 Oath or affirmation by members → Art. 189 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum → Art. 190 Vacation of seats → Art. 191 Disqualifications for membership → Art. 192 Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members → Art. 193 Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified → Art. 194 Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof → Art. 195 Salaries and allowances of members → Art. 196 Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills → Art. 197 Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills → Art. 198 Special procedure in respect of Money Bills → Art. 199 Definition of Money Bills → Art. 200 Assent to Bills → Art. 201 Bills reserved for consideration of President → Art. 202 Annual financial statement (State Budget) → Art. 203 Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates → Art. 204 Appropriation Bills → Art. 205 Supplementary, additional or excess grants → Art. 206 Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants → Art. 207 Special provisions as to financial Bills → Art. 208 Rules of procedure → Art. 209 Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business → Art. 210 Language to be used in the Legislature → Art. 211 Restriction on discussion in the Legislature → Art. 212 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature → Art. 213 Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature → Art. 214 High Courts for States → Art. 215 High Courts to be courts of record → Art. 216 Constitution of High Courts → Art. 217 Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court → Art. 218 Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts → Art. 219 Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts → Art. 220 Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge → Art. 221 Salaries, etc., of Judges → Art. 222 Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another → Art. 223 Appointment of acting Chief Justice → Art. 224 Appointment of additional and acting Judges → Art. 225 Jurisdiction of existing High Courts → Art. 226 Power of High Courts to issue certain writs → Art. 227 Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court → Art. 228 Transfer of certain cases to High Court → Art. 229 Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts → Art. 230 Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories → Art. 231 Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States → Art. 233 Appointment of district judges → Art. 234 Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service → Art. 235 Control over subordinate courts → Art. 236 Interpretation → Art. 237 Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates →

Art. 238 [Repealed by Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956] →

Art. 239 Administration of Union territories → Art. 240 Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories → Art. 241 High Courts for Union territories → Art. 242 [Repealed by Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956] →

Art. 243 Definitions (Panchayats) →

Art. 243P Definitions (Municipalities) → Art. 243Q Constitution of Municipalities → Art. 243R Composition of Municipalities → Art. 243S Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc. → Art. 243T Reservation of seats → Art. 243U Duration of Municipalities, etc. → Art. 243V Disqualifications for membership → Art. 243W Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc. → Art. 243X Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities → Art. 243Y Finance Commission → Art. 243Z Audit of accounts of Municipalities →

Art. 244 Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas →

Art. 245 Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States → Art. 246 Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States → Art. 247 Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts → Art. 248 Residuary powers of legislation → Art. 249 Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest → Art. 250 Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation → Art. 251 Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States → Art. 252 Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State → Art. 253 Legislation for giving effect to international agreements → Art. 254 Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States → Art. 255 Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only → Art. 256 Obligation of States and the Union → Art. 257 Control of the Union over States in certain cases → Art. 258 Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases → Art. 259 [Repealed by Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956] → Art. 260 Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India → Art. 261 Public acts, records and judicial proceedings → Art. 262 Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys → Art. 263 Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council →

Art. 264 Interpretation → Art. 265 Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law → Art. 266 Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States → Art. 267 Contingency Fund → Art. 268 Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States → Art. 269 Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States → Art. 270 Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States → Art. 271 Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union → Art. 272 [Repealed] Taxes which are levied and collected by the Union and may be distributed between the Union and the States → Art. 273 Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products → Art. 274 Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested → Art. 275 Grants from the Union to certain States → Art. 276 Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments → Art. 277 Savings → Art. 278 [Repealed by Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956] → Art. 279 Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc. → Art. 280 Finance Commission → Art. 282 Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues → Art. 283 Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts → Art. 284 Custody of suitors’ deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts → Art. 285 Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation → Art. 286 Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods → Art. 287 Exemption from taxes on electricity → Art. 288 Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases → Art. 289 Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation → Art. 290 Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions → Art. 291 [Repealed] Privy purse sums of Rulers → Art. 292 Borrowing by the Government of India → Art. 293 Borrowing by States → Art. 294 Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases → Art. 295 Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases → Art. 296 Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia → Art. 297 Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union → Art. 298 Power to carry on trade, etc. → Art. 299 Contracts → Art. 300 Suits and proceedings →

Art. 301 Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse → Art. 302 Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse → Art. 303 Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce → Art. 304 Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States → Art. 305 Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies → Art. 306 [Repealed by Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956] → Art. 307 Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304 →

Art. 308 Interpretation → Art. 309 Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State → Art. 310 Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State (Doctrine of Pleasure) → Art. 311 Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State → Art. 312 All-India services (IAS, IPS, IFS) → Art. 313 Transitional provisions → Art. 314 [Repealed] Provision for protection of existing officers of certain services → Art. 315 Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States (UPSC & SPSC) → Art. 316 Appointment and term of office of members → Art. 317 Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission → Art. 318 Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission → Art. 319 Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members → Art. 320 Functions of Public Service Commissions → Art. 321 Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions → Art. 322 Expenses of Public Service Commissions → Art. 323 Reports of Public Service Commissions →

Art. 323A Administrative tribunals (CAT) →

Art. 324 Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission → Art. 325 No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex → Art. 326 Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage → Art. 327 Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures → Art. 328 Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature → Art. 329 Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters →

Art. 330 Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People → Art. 331 Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People → Art. 332 Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States → Art. 333 Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States → Art. 334 Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period → Art. 335 Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts → Art. 336 Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services → Art. 337 Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community → Art. 338 National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) → Art. 339 Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes → Art. 340 Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes → Art. 341 Scheduled Castes → Art. 342 Scheduled Tribes →

Art. 343 Official language of the Union → Art. 344 Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language → Art. 345 Official language or languages of a State → Art. 346 Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union → Art. 347 Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State → Art. 348 Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc. → Art. 349 Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language → Art. 350 Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances → Art. 351 Directive for development of the Hindi language →

Art. 352 Proclamation of Emergency (National Emergency) → Art. 353 Effect of Proclamation of Emergency → Art. 354 Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation → Art. 355 Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance → Art. 356 Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States (President’s Rule) → Art. 357 Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356 → Art. 358 Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies → Art. 359 Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies → Art. 360 Provisions as to financial emergency →

Art. 361 Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs → Art. 362 [Repealed by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971] → Art. 363 Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc. → Art. 364 Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes → Art. 365 Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union → Art. 366 Definitions → Art. 367 Interpretation →

Art. 368 Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor →

Art. 369 Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List → Art. 370 Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir → Art. 371 Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat → Art. 371A Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland → Art. 371B Special provision with respect to the State of Assam → Art. 371C Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur → Art. 371D Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh or the State of Telangana → Art. 371F Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim → Art. 371G Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram → Art. 371H Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh → Art. 371I Special provision with respect to the State of Goa → Art. 372 Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation → Art. 373 Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases → Art. 374 Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council → Art. 375 Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution → Art. 376 Provisions as to Judges of High Courts → Art. 377 Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India → Art. 378 Provisions as to Public Service Commissions → Art. 379 [Repealed by Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956 (Articles 379 to 391)] → Art. 392 Power of the President to remove difficulties →

Art. 393 Short title — This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India → Art. 394 Commencement → Art. 395 Repeals — The Indian Independence Act 1947 and the Government of India Act 1935 are hereby repealed →