Part V of the Constitution outlines key provisions for the operation of the Union Government in a parliamentary system. It establishes the foundation for an independent judiciary and ensures an effective separation of powers within the government.
The Union Part 5 of Indian Constitution has Articles 52 to 151.
Constitution Of India Part 5 The Union – Articles 52 to 151
Part V establishes:
- A parliamentary system of government at the Union level
- An independent judiciary
- Effective separation of powers
Part V is divided into five chapters:
- Chapter I: The Executive 52-78
- Chapter II: Parliament 79-122
- Chapter III: Legislative Powers of the President 123
- Chapter IV: The Union Judiciary 124-147
- Chapter V: Comptroller and Auditor-General of India 148-151
Article 52 of Indian Constitution
Article 52 of the Indian Constitution designates the President as the highest authority in the nation. The President holds executive powers, represents the country, ensures the Constitution is upheld, and works in collaboration with other branches of government to promote the welfare and unity of the nation.
Article 53 of Indian Constitution-Executive power of the Union
Article 53 of the Indian Constitution states that the President of India exercises their powers and performs their duties in accordance with the Constitution. The President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers, appoints high-ranking officials, and has the authority to grant pardons, reprieves, and remissions of punishment.
Article 54 of Indian Constitution – Election of President
Article 54 of the Indian Constitution establishes the method for electing the President. The President is elected by an Electoral College consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the states. The election is conducted through a system of proportional representation and a secret ballot.
Article 55 of Indian Constitution – Manner of election of President
Article 55 of the Indian Constitution outlines the manner of the election of the President.
- Article 55 of the Indian Constitution ensures uniformity in the scale of representation among states during the election of the President.
- The number of votes each elected member of Parliament and the Legislative Assembly is entitled to cast is determined based on the population of their respective state.
- The election of the President follows a system of proportional representation through the single transferable vote method.
- Voting in the Presidential election is conducted by secret ballot, ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of the voters.
- The population referred to in Article 55 is determined based on the figures of the last preceding census, with the 1971 census as the reference until the figures of the first census after 2026 are published.
Article 56 of Indian Constitution – Term of office of President
Article 56 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to hold office for a term of five years, unless sooner resigned or removed. The article specifies that the President’s term can be extended during a national emergency for a period not exceeding one year at a time.
Article 57 of Indian Constitution – Eligibility for Re-Election
Article 57 of the Indian Constitution states that a person who currently holds or has previously held the office of President is eligible for re-election, provided they fulfill the other requirements mentioned in the Constitution. This article allows for the possibility of a President serving multiple terms through re-election.
Article 58 of Indian Constitution – Qualifications for election as President
Article 58 of the Indian Constitution outlines the eligibility criteria for a person to be elected as President. The requirements include being a citizen of India, being at least 35 years old, and being qualified to be elected as a member of the Lok Sabha (House of the People). Additionally, a person cannot be eligible if they hold any office of profit under the government, state, or any other authority controlled by these governments.
Article 59 of Indian Constitution – Conditions of President’s office
Article 59 of the Indian Constitution lays down the conditions regarding the President’s office:
- The President cannot be a member of either House of Parliament or any State Legislature. If a member of either house is elected President, they will be deemed to have vacated their seat upon assuming the office of the President.
- The President cannot hold any other office of profit.
- The President is entitled to use official residences without paying rent and receives emoluments, allowances, and privileges as determined by Parliament. Until a law is enacted, the Second Schedule specifies these benefits.
- The emoluments and allowances of the President cannot be reduced during their term in office.
Article 60 of Indian Constitution – Oath or affirmation by the President
Article 60 of the Indian Constitution pertains to the oath or affirmation taken by the President.
Article 61 of Indian Constitution – Procedure for impeachment of the President
Article 61 of Indian Constitution: Procedure for impeachment of the President Article 61 Procedure for impeachment of the President – Constitution …
Article 62 of Indian Constitution
Article 62 of Indian Constitution: Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term …
Article 63 of Indian Constitution – The Vice-President of India
Article 63 of Indian Constitution: The Vice-President of India Article 63 The Vice-President of India – Constitution Of India There …
Article 64 of Indian Constitution – The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States
Article 64 of Indian Constitution: The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States. Article 64 The …
Article 65 of Indian Constitution
Article 65 of Indian Constitution: The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in …
Article 66 of Indian Constitution – Election of VicePresident
Article 66 of Indian Constitution: Election of VicePresident Article 66 Election of VicePresident- Constitution Of India (1) The Vice-President shall …
Article 67 of Indian Constitution – Term of office of Vice-President
Article 67 of Indian Constitution: Term of office of Vice-President Article 67 Term of office of Vice-President- Constitution Of India …
Article 68 of Indian Constitution
Article 68 of Indian Constitution: Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of VicePresident and the term …
Article 69 of Indian Constitution – Oath or affirmation by the VicePresident
Article 69 of Indian Constitution: Oath or affirmation by the VicePresident Article 69 Oath or affirmation by the VicePresident – …
Article 70 of Indian Constitution – Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies
Article 70 of Indian Constitution: Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies Article 70 Discharge of President’s functions in other …
Article 71 of Indian Constitution – Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President
Article 71 of Indian Constitution: Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President Article 71 Matters …
Article 72 of Indian Constitution
Article 72 of Indian Constitution: Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in …
Article 73 of Indian Constitution – Extent of executive power of the Union
Article 73 of Indian Constitution: Extent of executive power of the Union Article 73 Extent of executive power of the .
Article 74 of Indian Constitution – Council of Ministers
Article 74 of Indian Constitution: Council of Ministers Article 74 Council of Ministers – Constitution Of India (1) There shall …
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Article 75 of Indian Constitution – Other provisions as to Ministers
Article 75 of Indian Constitution: Other provisions as to Ministers Article 75 Other provisions as to Ministers – Constitution Of …
Article 76 of Indian Constitution – Attorney General for India
Article 76 of Indian Constitution: Attorney-General for India Article 76 Attorney-General for India – Constitution Of India (1) The President …
Article 77 of Indian Constitution – Conduct of business of the Government of India
Article 77 of Indian Constitution: Conduct of business of the Government of India Article 77 Conduct of business of the .
Article 81 of Indian Constitution – Composition of the House of the People
Article 81 of Indian Constitution: Composition of the House of the People Article 81 Composition of the House of the …
Article 80 of Indian Constitution – Composition of the Council of States
Article 80 of Indian Constitution: Composition of the Council of States Article 80 Composition of the Council of States – …
Article 79 of Indian Constitution – Constitution of Parliament
Article 79 of Indian Constitution: Constitution of Parliament Article 79 Constitution of Parliament – Constitution Of India There shall be a …
Article 78 of Indian Constitution
Article 77 of Indian Constitution: Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc. Article …
Article 82 of Indian Constitution – Readjustment after each census
Article 82 of Indian Constitution: Readjustment after each census Article 82 Readjustment after each census – Constitution Of India Upon the …
Article 83 of Indian Constitution – Duration of Houses of Parliament
Article 83 of Indian Constitution: Duration of Houses of Parliament Article 83 Duration of Houses of Parliament – Constitution Of …
Article 84 of Indian Constitution – Qualification for membership of Parliament
Article 84 of Indian Constitution: Qualification for membership of Parliament Article 84 Qualification for membership of Parliament – Constitution Of …
Article 85 of Indian Constitution – Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution
Article 85 of Indian Constitution: Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution Article 85 Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution – …
Article 86 of Indian Constitution – Right of President to address and send messages to Houses
Article 86 of Indian Constitution: Right of President to address and send messages to Houses Article 86 Right of President …
Article 87 of Indian Constitution – Special address by the President
Article 87 of Indian Constitution: Special address by the President Article 87 Special address by the President – Constitution Of …
Article 88 of Indian Constitution – Rights of Ministers and AttorneyGeneral as respects Houses
Article 88 of Indian Constitution: Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as respects Houses Article 88 Rights of Ministers and …
Article 89 of Indian Constitution – Officers of Parliament
Article 89 of Indian Constitution: Officers of Parliament Article 89 Officers of Parliament – Constitution Of India (1) The Vice-President …
Article 90 of Indian Constitution – Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
Article 90 of Indian Constitution: Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman Article 90 Vacation ..
Article 91 of Indian Constitution
Article 91 of Indian Constitution: Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office …
Article 92 of Indian Constitution
Article 92 of Indian Constitution: The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal …
Article 93 of Indian Constitution – The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People
Article 93 of Indian Constitution: The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People Article 93 The Speaker …
Article 94 of Indian Constitution – Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
Article 94 of Indian Constitution: Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker Article …
Article 95 of Indian Constitution
Article 95 of Indian Constitution: Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office …
Article 96 of Indian Constitution
Article 96 of Indian Constitution: The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal …
Article 97 of Indian Constitution
Article 97 of Indian Constitution: Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker …
Article 98 of Indian Constitution – Secretariat of Parliament
Article 98 of Indian Constitution: Secretariat of Parliament Article 98 Secretariat of Parliament – Constitution Of India (1) Each House …
Article 99 of Indian Constitution – Oath or affirmation by members
Article 99 of Indian Constitution: Oath or affirmation by members Article 99 Oath or affirmation by members – Constitution Of …
Article 100 of Indian Constitution
Article 100 of Indian Constitution: Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act not withstanding vacancies and quorum. Article 100 …
Article 101 of Indian Constitution – Vacation of seats
Article 101 of Indian Constitution: Vacation of seats Article 101 – Constitution Of India (1) No person shall be a …
Article 102 of Indian Constitution – Disqualifications for membership
Article 102 of Indian Constitution: Disqualifications for membership Article 102 – Constitution Of India (1) A person shall be disqualified …
Article 103 of Indian Constitution
Article 103 of Indian Constitution: Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members Article 103 – Constitution Of India (1) …
Article 104 of Indian Constitution
Article 104 of Indian Constitution: Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when …
Article 105 of Indian Constitution – Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members
Article 105 of Indian Constitution: Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members – Powers, privileges, etc., of the …
Article 106 of Indian Constitution – Salaries and allowances of MP members of Parliament
Article 106 of Indian Constitution: Salaries and allowances of MP members of Parliament Article 106 Salaries and allowances of MP …
Article 107 of Indian Constitution – Legislative Procedure
Article 107 of Indian Constitution: Legislative Procedure – Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills. Article 107 – Constitution …
Article 108 of Indian Constitution
Article 108 of Indian Constitution: Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases Article 108 – Constitution Of India (1) ..
Article 109 of Indian Constitution
Article 109 of Indian Constitution: Special procedure in respect of Money Bills. Article 109 – Constitution Of India (1) A …
Article 110 of Indian Constitution – Money Bills
Article 110 of Indian Constitution: Money Bills Article 110 Money Bills – Constitution Of India (1) For the purposes of …
Article 111 of Indian Constitution – Assent to Bills
Article 111 of Indian Constitution: Assent to Bills Article 111 Assent to Bills – Constitution Of India When a Bill has …
Article 112 of Indian Constitution – Annual financial statement
Article 112 of Indian Constitution: Annual financial statement Article 112 Annual financial statement – Constitution Of India (1) The President …
Article 113 of Indian Constitution
Article 113 of Indian Constitution: Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates Article 113 Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates …
Article 114 of Indian Constitution – Appropriation Bills
Article 114 of Indian Constitution: Appropriation Bills Article 114 Appropriation Bills – Constitution Of India (1) As soon as may …
Article 115 of Indian Constitution
Article 115 of Indian Constitution: Supplementary, additional or excess grants. Article 115 Supplementary, additional or excess grants – Constitution Of India
Article 116 of Indian Constitution
Article 116 of Indian Constitution: Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. Article 116 Votes on account, votes of …
Article 117 of Indian Constitution
Article 117 of Indian Constitution: Special provisions as to financial Bills Article 117 Special provisions as to financial Bills – …
Article 118 of Indian Constitution
Article 118 of Indian Constitution: Rules of procedure Article 118 Rules of procedure – Constitution Of India (1) Each House of …
Article 119 of Indian Constitution
Article 119 of Indian Constitution: Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business Article 119 Regulation …
Article 120 of Indian Constitution
Article 120 of Indian Constitution: Language to be used in Parliament Article 120 Language to be used in Parliament – …
Article 121 of Indian Constitution
Article 121 of Indian Constitution: Restriction on discussion in Parliament Article 121 Restriction on discussion in Parliament – Constitution Of …
Article 122 of Indian Constitution
Article 122 of Indian Constitution: Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament Article 122 Courts not to inquire into proceedings …
Article 123 of Indian Constitution
Article 123 of Indian Constitution: LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT – Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of …
Article 124 of Indian Constitution
Article 124 of Indian Constitution: THE UNION JUDICIARY – Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court. Article 124 THE UNION JUDICIARY …
Article 125 of Indian Constitution
Article 125 of Indian Constitution: Salaries, etc., of Judges. Article 125 Salaries, etc., of Judges. – Constitution Of India (1) …
Article 126 of Indian Constitution
Article 126 of Indian Constitution: Appointment of acting Chief Justice Article 126 Appointment of acting Chief Justice – Constitution Of …
Article 127 of Indian Constitution
Article 127 of Indian Constitution: Appointment of ad hoc Judges. Article 127 Appointment of ad hoc Judges – Constitution Of …
Article 128 of Indian Constitution
Article 128 of Indian Constitution: Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court Article 128 Attendance of retired …
Article 129 of Indian Constitution
Article 129 of Indian Constitution: Supreme Court to be a court of record. Article 129 Supreme Court to be a …
Article 130 of Indian Constitution
Article 130 of Indian Constitution: Seat of Supreme Court. Article 130 Seat of Supreme Court – Constitution Of India The Supreme …
Article 131 of Indian Constitution
Article 131 of Indian Constitution: Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court Article 131 Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court – …
Article 132 of Indian Constitution
Article 132 of Indian Constitution: Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases Article 132 …
Article 133 of Indian Constitution
Article 133 of Indian Constitution: Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters …
Article 134 of Indian Constitution
Article 134 of Indian Constitution: Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters Article 134 Appellate jurisdiction of …
Article 135 of Indian Constitution
Article 135 of Indian Constitution: Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the …
Article 136 of Indian Constitution
Article 136 of Indian Constitution: Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court Article 136 Special leave to appeal by …
Article 137 of Indian Constitution
Article 137 of Indian Constitution: Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court. Article 137 Review of judgments or …
Article 138 of Indian Constitution
Article 138 of Indian Constitution: Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court Article 138 Enlargement of the jurisdiction of …
Article 139 of Indian Constitution
Article 139 of Indian Constitution: Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs. Article 139 Conferment on …
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Article 140 of Indian Constitution
Article 140 of Indian Constitution: Ancillary powers of Supreme Court Article 140 Ancillary powers of Supreme Court – Constitution Of …
Article 141 of Indian Constitution
Article 141 of Indian Constitution: Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts. Article 141 Law declared …
Article 142 of Indian Constitution
Article 142 of Indian Constitution: Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc Article …
Article 143 of Indian Constitution
Article 143 of Indian Constitution: Power of President to consult Supreme Court Article 143 Power of President to consult Supreme …
Article 144 of Indian Constitution
Article 144 of Indian Constitution: Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court Article 144 Civil …
Article 145 of Indian Constitution – Rules of Court
Article 145 of Indian Constitution: Rules of Court Article 145 Rules of Court – Constitution Of India (1) Subject to …
Article 146 of Indian Constitution
Article 146 of Indian Constitution: Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court Article 146 Officers and servants …
Article 147 of Indian Constitution
Article 147 of Indian Constitution: Interpretation Article 147 – Constitution Of India In this Chapter and in Chapter V of …
Article 148 of Indian Constitution
Article 148 of Indian Constitution: Comptroller and Auditor-General of India Article 148 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India – Constitution Of …
Article 149 of Indian Constitution
Article 149 of Indian Constitution: Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General Article 149 Duties and powers of the …
Article 150 of Indian Constitution
Article 150 of Indian Constitution: Form of accounts of the Union and of the States Article 150 Form of accounts …
Article 151 of Indian Constitution
Article 151 of Indian Constitution: Audit reports Article 151 Audit reports – Constitution Of India (1) The reports of the …